Effective temperature indicating



Feb. 3, 1942.

G. v. wooDLlNG EFFECTIVETEMPERATURE INDICATING DEVICE Filed July 3, 1959/ly rosca/ofc Um Deu/ce Dry Baj Tem/aerafafe ec flue Tem/o eraj'ureINVENTOR,

n Patented Feb. 3, 1942 .UNITI-:DsTATEs -KPATENT .foFFlci-z 2,271,881 yVlilarlic'rlvr;ATEMPElm'rmni micA'riNG Y, i ,nEvrcEqj ,j 'Y Georgie V.Woodlng, Cleveland, kOhio I. l Application July. 3, 1939, serial ne.'282,572'

` A.19 claims.

My invention relates, in general, to measuringv devices, and moreparticularly to means for'measuring the condition of; the-air toindicate thefA degree of comfort.

The human comfort or discomfort, as regards feeling of warmth, dependslargely upon the body temperature, and, therefore,. upon; the', relationbetween the rate of production and .dissipation of heat. Y I 1 Bytheprocessl of metabolism, heat is constantly generated within thefbody.Accordingly, this heat must be eliminated from the surface of the bodyand from the respiratory tract by radiation, convection and evaporation.Hence, to maintain a constant body temperature,` the heat loss of thebody must equal the heat produced.' It is, therefore,apparent that anyreduction in the elimina'- tion of heat from the bodymust result in arise inthe temperature and a corresponding. feeling of discomfort. Asthe temperature of Ythe air andisurrounding objects rise, the lossofheatby convection and radiation decreases. air temperature reachesthat of the body, the loss by radiation and convection ceases. Finally,as the air temperature exceeds that of thebody, heat is transferred fromthe air to the body.v As

the temperature of the air rises'and heat loss by I radiation andconvectionr decreases, the body ienV` deavors" to "maintain temperatureequilibrium r by 'making available more perspiration, thus-resulting ina greater heat loss by evaporation.

From the foregoing,A one notes that there-must necessarily exist certaincombinations of` temperatures, humidities, and air motions, whichrproduce the sameV total heat losszby radiation, con@ vection, andevaporation; and, therefore, `the same feelingof comfort ordiscomfort.There-- fore, the comfort'or discomfort. of the human body depends notonly upon the temperature of conditions" or comfort indexes. `Elaborateexperiments conducted by the Research Laboratory When the lliv minesytheL physiological `eifects onthe body Y duced by heat and cold.

Psychrometric charts Figures 1 and 2 of my PatentNo. 2,142,593y issuedJanuary` 3,1939, :entitled Air conditioning.

The effective temperature orthe comfort index being anexperimentallydetermined scale, unlike the dry-bulb and wet-bulbtemperaturev scales,

is a true measure or index of a persons feeling of feels the same degreeof warmth or coldness ref gardless of the dry-bulb temperature,thehumidity, and velocity ofthe air required to'produce that particulareffective temperature.

Therefore, an object of my inventionisto vide for givinga measurement`of the human comfort.V s

- Another object of for giving-a measurement of the human comfort interms of Y the combination of the dry-bulb temperature, the relativehumidity, and the air movement.

of the United States Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, ly Pennsylvania,l andpublished in the Transactions of the American Society of v'Heating andVentilating Engineers from 1923 to the present date,

by F. C. Haughten-.and C.y P. Yaglou, show that thisnewly-developedscale of thermo-equivalent conditions, or veffectivetemperatures not only irl- ,v dicates the sensation of warmth, but alsodeter-"- v Other vobjectsand velocity. f v

Afurther object ofmy invention is to so modify the measurementsy of thedry-bulb temperature as to correct for changes in the moisture andtheair velocity, and thereby effect a modi-- ed measurementthat is a. truendex` of `a persons feeling of comfort. p v- A- still furtherv object ofmy translate three movements into va singleresultant v`A further objectof my invention is to provide for, givingv asubtrahend based upon thecondition of the .air vand for subtracting this subtrahend valuefrom.thel dry-bulb temperaturev to give a measurementzof 'thehuman comfort.

Another `object of my invention is to provide for setting the air motionoff o n the comfort indicating device` to correspond either to the.prevauing naturalk an' motion orto that created by thefan. a

a fuller understanding of my inventionjmay'be had by referring to thefollowing specication and claims, taken in connection with ltheaccompanying drawing, in which:

' Figure lis a plan view of an indicator embodying thefeaturesof myinvention; i' Figure 2 is a fragmentary plan view of a modi- V'fied formof my indicator;

with effective ,tempera-1k ture lines, for persons normally vclothedand'V slightly active, for still air conditionsand,for anrair velocityof300 feet per minute are shown in Pro? lmy invention to providevinvention is tov shows an arrangement which permits 4. otally connectedat I8 to an arm 32 having its.

fore as the moisture variation changes Ythe posi- Figure 4 is afragmentary view of Figure -3 ment of the pointer 86.

With reference to Figure 1 of the drawing, my

indicator comprises the arrangement of .means for vertically actuatingan ordinary thermometer scale I4 relative to an ordinary thermometer I3placed adjacent thereto. The scale I4 is moved vertically through adistance which is a measure` of the amount to be subtracted'` from .thedrybulb temperature reading to equal the Veffective temperature reading.The vertical shifting of the scale I4 may be accomplished by securingthe upper and lower ends of the scale I4-by means of a slot and pinarrangement through the base I9. The upper slidable connecting means maycomprise a pin 29 which fits within the longitudinal slot 28 and whichis fastened to an anchoring block 30 suitably fastened to thebase III.The lower slidable connecting means may comprise a pin 23 which fitswithin a longitudinal slot 22 Figure 3 isanother'embodiment of myinvention for indicating human.comfort;;and all large moveated ,arm I9as shown in the drawing may be referred to as zero relative humidity. Asthe readings'of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100.

In laying out the dimensions of theparts of my indicator, the pivotpoint I1 would coincide with the pin 2| .when the dry bulb temperatureunit II reads 45 degrees and the pivot point I 8 would coincide with thepin 2| when the dry and which is anchored to a block 24 suitablyfastened tothe base III. The thermometer I3 may be anchored stationarilyby means of a -lower bracket 33 into which the bulb of the thermometerrestsand a bracket 34 which engages the upper end of the thermometer.The brackets 33 and 34 may besuitably fastened tothe base III andarranged to give freedom to vertical movement of the slidable scale I4.

The slidable scale I4 may be actuated up and down in response to a drybulb temperatureunit I I and a hygroscopic unit I2. The dry bulbtemperature unit II may be in the form of a coiled bi-metallic elementhaving its inner end fastened `to a rotating shaft 9 which may berotatively mounted in the base III and having an outer end which may beanchored to a block I5 suitably fastened to the base III. Therefore,asthe dry- In Figure 2 I show a modification-of my inresponsive elementas well as the linkage system for-.multiplying the movement 'of themoisture responsive element.v I

The subtraction may be accomplished by means of a slotted actuating armI9 which is provided with a'longitudinal slot/20 which engages a pin 2'Ifastened to the sliding scale I4. n The left hand end of the slottedactuating arm I 9 may be pivotally connectedat II to an arm I6 havingits upper end securely fastened to the rotating shaft." 9 of thetemperature unit II. 'I'he right hand end of the slotted actuating armI9 may be pivupper end connected to the hygroscopic element I2 and anarm 3I which interconnects the upper end of the hygroscopic element I2and the shaft 9 of the dry bulb temperature unit II. Therepurpose ofillustration, the position of thel actu- 7l.'

Ym i.

bulb temperature unit II reads 120 degrees. With this construction thesubtraction movement is 'substantially zero when-the dry bulbtemperature reading is in the neighborhood of '45' degrees'and thesubtraction movement is a maximum when the dry bulb temperature is inthefneighborhood of 120 degrees, That is to say, the effectivetemperature linesupon the psychrometric chart previously referred to aresubstantially perpendicularvin the 'neighborhood of 45 degrees and V'aredisposed at a maximum slope inthe neighborhood of 12(1deg'rees`Fahrenheit. In my arrangement the vertical movement. of the Ascale I4isa measurement of the amount to be subtracted from the dry-'bulbtemperatureto equal the effective Vteml condition, the effectivetemperature'is in the neighborhood of 'la'des'rees' which means lthatthe slidmgdscale I4has been moved relative tothe thermometer by anamount'in the neighborhood. of V12% units. Thus, instead of the-mercuryof liquid column of the thermometer reading 821/2 degrees it readsunits' which is the measurement of the effective temperature.

vention as shown in Figure l, in that the ordinary thermometer isreplaced by a .coiled iai-metallic` temperature indicator 42 having itsvouterend anchored at 4 5 to a vertically slidingv member 39 and having'its inner end connectedv to a rotatable shaft having a bearing m thevertieauy sliding? member 38.' The slidable vertical member 39 may bearranged to slide'vertically by means 'of the sliding arrangements 48and 4I located, respectively, at the' upper and lower Vends of thesliding member 39. The slidable vertical member 39 is actuated up `anddown bymeans of the pin 2I engaging the longitudinal slot 20 of theactuatingarm I9. v As the bi-metallic unit 42 is moved up and down theindicating hand 44 is shifted with respect to thes'cale 4 3 so that thehigher the ymoisture content or 'relative humidity the higher theeffective temperature reading upon the scale 43. The variable mechanicaladvantage in Figurevz operates `in the same manner as that discussed inFigure 1 and functions to subtract a value from the vdry'bulbtemperature value to equal the effective temperature in which thesubtracted value is a function ofthe dry bulb temperature and therelative humidity. l

In Figure 3 I show a modified arrangement` of my invention in thatinstead of employing a thermometer or a second bi-metallic temperature`unit,`I utilize only one temperature responsive device which actuates anelongated slidable mo- 61 fastened to the dry the slidable member 54 Atemperature scale member 55. vThe upper end tion ktransmission rack`member.

temperature scale so that the verticalcomponent .ofthe movement of theslidablemotiontransmission rack member is transmitted tothe indexcarrying member through the variable mechanicalv advantage of my'system.In Figure 3 the dry b ulbtemperature unit is indicated by the referencecharacter l and may be inthe form'of a coiled bi-metallicelement havingits outer end anchored to a block 52,:suitably fastened to the base 50and having its inner end fastened to a shaft 9 suitably rotativelymounted in thebase 50.. Mounted upon the rotating shaft ofthetemperature responsive device 5| is a. gear wheel 53 which engagesthe teeth in an elongated slidable motion transmission rack 54 whichslidably engages a dry bulb temperature scale member 55. The upper endof thedry bulb temperature scale member 55 ispivotallyconnected at 56 tothe basev 50 and the lower end of the dry bulb temperature scale member`55 vis provided with an adjusting nut 51 threadably secured to a slidingthreaded member that ts within the elongated slot 58 of the basel 50;'I'he lower'end'of the dry bulb temperature scale member '55 is pointedVas at 86 'to register with an air velocityscale .59 Amountedupon the;base 50.' In orderY The slidable motion transmission raclr memberispositionedv -The left hand end of the actuating arm 6 0 5l by means of asuitable pivot connection 6I.

arranged to be actuated up and down bymeans of a suitable ',hygroscopicelement 63 which'is pivotally anchored at64 tothe lower end of theslidable :member 54. 63 may be of any suitabe form-and construction andthe diagrammatic illustration represents not only the moistureresponsive lelement but` also the` means for holding the moistureresponsive element as well as the vlinking system for multiplying thelmovement of the hygroscopic element. Y fr r As illustrated, thedryvbulb temperature scale member 55 is'positioned at an angle withreferenceto the-vertical member l0 so that the fvertical component ofthe movement of the slidable member 54 is'transmitted to thevertical'member 10 and so .that the horizontal component of the movementof the slidablemember 54 takes care of the change in the variablemechanical advanby varying the distance bevertical member 'l0 and thedry bulb-temperature scale member 55 are so positioned that there is nosubtraction lproduced-by my linking-system when a. vertical 'lineypassing through the to adjust the dry bulb temperature scale mem- Y ber55 for any prevailing air velocity it is only"i Y slight clearance isneeded since the pivot' pin 56 is located close to a tangent tof-thegear wheel 53. If additional movement .of the pointer-86 be needed, itmay. be provided by `making the gear wheel small in diameter. Largemovements of the pointer may be taken care -of by any suitablearrangement. AA simple arrangement is shown in Figure 4, where the-gearwheel 53 and the anchoring block 52 are mountedupon a common plate 80secured byescrews 8| or'other suitable means to the member 55.

The lower ,end of the slidable member -54 is provided with an elongatedslot` 65 in which is positioned a pin 66 carried by a cross member bulbtemperature scale arrangement slidably secures Yagainst the dry-bulbmember 55. This of the slidable member 54 is slidably: secured againstthe dry bulb temperature scale member registering with the indicationpointer 'I3-thereonthat indicates the veffective temperature readingupon the effective temperature scale 1l. The vertically movable member'l0 is arranged to freely slide between the effective temperature scale'il anda block1l 'I2 both of which may besuitably fastened to the base50. .The right hand end of the actua-ting arm 6.0 may be connected tothe slidable member slidable member '10 passes through a datum point 0nthe slidable member 54-and this datum point is in registraticnwith the45 degree gradu- -ation on the scale memhenl That is to say when'Y thepivotpoint 6I vcoincides substantially k'with the reading :l5l upon thedry bulb temperature scale member55 there is 11o-*subtraction eiiectedby my system because the pin 69 is residing close to the pivot pointf6l. The pivot point 624 represents a temperatureof 1270 degreeswhich means that 'a' maximum amount of subtraction is effected becausewhen the dry-bulb temperature element :5l `reads 120 degrees the .pivotpin 69'is.

bulb temperature is reading Y degrees andthe relative humidity isindicating 20Vpercent. Under this vcondition the eifective temperatureisk 77 units which-means that there is a subtraction of 13 units. lInother words, the indication mark 13 uponthe vertical movable member 'I0has been lowered by an amountof- 13 degrees to give an effectivetemperature indication of 77 units. When the relative humidity ispercent the actuating arm 60 is substantially horizontal and as therelative humidity decreases the actuating lever' lil) may coincide withthe construction line indicatedpercent. v y c Y v Should. the airvelocity be 300 feet per minute as a prevailingv condition then the drybulbtem.- perature scale member 55 may be Setsothat the l pointer 86kvregisters with. the.` '300 Vfeet per minute mark. Upon swingingthe drybulbl temperature scale member 55 about the pivot ypoint 86 until thepointer56 registers with the 300 feet per minute registration the drybulbtemperature scale member 55 `will intersect the vcrtical. linepassing through the slidable member "N1-1iny the neighborhood of 56degrees which unit and a hygroscopic unit to obtain the subtractionvalue andthen I subtract the'subtraction value from a value obtainedfrom a second temisy The hygroscopic element pivot pin 62.-- Inxtheposi-v tion of thepartsdndicated /in VFiggre 3 the dry 8.580%, 60%, 40%,20% and zero tion means for reducing the vthe actuating *member peratureunit to produce the effective temperature reading. In Figure`3, Iutilize asingle temperature unit which performs a double function;

in .that r(l) the horizontal component and the hygroscopic unit that thepresent disclosure has been made onlyby way of example and that numerouschanges in the details of construction and the combination andarrangementof parts may be resorted to without departing from the spiritand the.

` scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed..

I claim as my inventionzv.

l. A device for giving a composite measurement based upon temperatureand moisture comprising, in combination, iirstdry bulb temperature meansfor giving a measurement, subtracdryr bulb temperatureA measurement tovproduce the composite measurement, said subtraction means includingvariable mechanical advantage means, hygroscopic humidity means foractuating the'variable mechanicaladvantage means, second dry bulbtemperature means, .means for moving thehygroscopic humidityV means bythe second dry bulb temperature means, and means for actuating thevariable mechanical advantagemeans by the second dry bulb vtemperaturemeans.

2. A device forV giving ment based upon temperature and moisturecomprising, in combination, measurement means for giving the saidcomposite measurement, dry bulb temperature means for transmittingmovementv to said measurement means, subtraction means for reducing thetransmitting movement of the.

dry bulb temperature means, saidVvv subtraction means including anactuating member having a composite measurean intermediate portionengagixigsaid measurement means -to actuate the same, swingablecnnection means for swingably connectingifone. end of the actuatingmember to the dry means for swingably loperating the actuating memberabout the swingable connection means by the hygroscopic humidity means,and means for carrying the hygroscopic humidity means by the dry bulbtemperature means.

3. A device for giving a composite measurement based upon temperatureand moisture coinprising, in combination, measurement means for givingthe said composite measurement, dry bulb temperature means fortransmitting movement tosaid measurement means, subtraction means forreducing the transmitting movement of the dry bulb temperature means,said subtraction means including an actuating member having anintermediate portion engaging said measurement means to actuate thesame, swingableconnection means'for swingably connecting cne end of tothe dry-bulb temperature means, hygroscopic humidity means, and meansfor swingably operating the actuating member about the swingableconnection means by the hygroscopic humidity means, the said dry bulbtemperature means upon an increase in temperature increasing thedistance between the swingable connection means and the point at whichthe intermediate portion of the actuating member engages the measurementmeans.

4. A device for giving a measurement based upon temperature and moisturecomprising, in combination, a thermometer having an adjabulbi-emperaturemeans, hygroscopic humidity means,

cently disposed scale, motion transmission means for producing relativemovement between the thermometer and the scale, dry bulb temperaturemeans, hygroscopic humidity'means, and means for operating themotiontransmission'means by both the dry bulb temperature means and thehygroscopic humidity means. 5. Means for giving a measurement of theeffective temperature comprising, a temperature responsive element, amovable element actuated by the temperature responsive element, ahygroscopic `humidity element carried by said movable 4 element, andmeasurement means operated by "said elements, the hygroscopic humidityelement',

the temperature responsive element, the movable element and themeasurement means operated by said elements being structurallylinterrelated and comprising a variable mechanical advantage linkagesystem, the rate at which the hygroscopic humidity element of'saidsystem influences the movement of said measurement means is greater athigher temperatures than at 'lower temperatures and that the value ofsaid measurement lies between the value of the dry bulb temperature andthe temperature that would'be registered by a wet bulb thermometer.

6. A device for giving a measurement based upon thetemperature and themoistureV comprising, in combination, dry bulb temperature means,hygroscopic humidity means movable with said dry bulb temperature means,measurement means movable by the conjoint rcontrol of these means forgiving said -measurement, mechanical connection means Vinterconnectingthe dry bulb temperaturev means and the hygroscopic humidity means andmovable by -both of said means, the dry bulb temperature meanstransmitting the major part an the hygroscopic humidity meanstransmittingthe minor part of the movement to the measurement means andthe movement of the hygroscopic -humidity means subtracting from themovement of the dry bulb temperature means, said measurement meansengaging and being movable by the connection means, said dry bulbtemperature means upon an increase in temperature increasing thedistance between the point at which the engages the dry bulb temperaturemeans and the point'at which the mechanical connection means engages themeasurement means.

7. A device for giving a measurement based upon the temperature and themoisture comprising, in combination; dry bulb temperature means havingfa moving part,l hygroscopic humidity means having a moving part,measurement means movable by the conjoint control of these means forgiving said measurement, mechanical connection means interconnecting andallowing` freedom of relative movementbetween the moving parts of thedry bulb temperature means and both` of said parts, the dry bulbtemperature means transmitting the major part and the hygroscopichumidity means transmitting* the minor part of the movement to themeasurement means and the movementv of the hygroscopic humidity meanssubtracting from the movement of the dry bulb temperature means, saiddry bulb temperature means upon an increase in temperature increasingthe distance between the point at which themechanical connection meansengages the dry bulb temperature means and the point at which themechanical'connection meansengages the measurement means.

8. A device for giving a measurement based mechanical connection meanshumidity means and movable by ing, in combination, dry bulb temperaturemeans v having a moving part, hygroscopic humidity means having a movingpart, measurement means movable by the conjoint control of these meansfor giving said measurement, pivotal and slidable mechanical connectionmeans interconnctingfand allowing freedom of relative move'- rrientbetween the moving parts 'of the dry bulb temperature means' and thehygroscopic humidity means and movable by both of said parts, the drybulb temperature means transmitting `the major part and the hygroscopichumidity means transmitting the minor part of the'rfnovement to themeasurement means andV the movement of the lhygroscopic humidity meanssubtracting from the movement of the dry bulb temperature means, saiddry bulb temperature. means upon an increase in temperature increasingthe distance between the point at which the mechanical connection meansengages the dry bulb temperature means andtheA point at which themechanical connectio'n means engages the measurement means.

9. A device for giving a measurement based upon temperature and moisturecomprising, in combination, measurement means including an elongatedmovable member for giving said measurement, variable mechanicaladvantage means for actuating the measurement means, dry bulbtemperature means includinganelongated motion transmission memberpositioned at an angle to the said elongated movable member,'hygroscopichumidity means, means for actuating the variable mechanical advantagemeans lby the dry bulb temperature y means and the hygroscopic humiditymeans, means for moving the hygroscopic element means by the dry bulbtemperature means, and means for varying the angle between the elongatedmotion transmission member and the elongated movable member of themeasurement means.

10. In Ya device,'including dry bulb tempereture means and measurementmeans for giving a measurement of theV effective temperature, means forgiving a subtrahenfl value, said means comprising a lever arm having twoends, swingable connection'means for mounting one of said ends to thedry bulb temperature means, hygroscopic humidity means, meansformounting the other said end to the hygrcseopic humidity means, saidmeasurement means engaging the lever arm intermediate its two ends, saidhygro.-

scopichumidity means Vactuating the lever arm 'A about the swingableIconnection means on the dry bulb temperature means, the arrangement ofthe hygroscopic humidity means, Vthe Vdry bulb temperature means and themeasurement means being such that-the rate at whichV the hygroscopichumidity means l influences the subtrahend value is greater at highertemperatures than at lower temperatures.

11. Means for giving a measurement, of the effective temperaturecomprising, in combinatiom measurement, means ,including an elongatedmovable member for giving thesaidpmeasurement, `an elongatedmotiontransmission member positioned at an angle with respect to the elongatedmovable Vmember of the measurement means, an elongated actuating member,swingable connection means for swingably connecting one end of theelongated actuating member to the elongated motion transmission member,said elongated actuating member extending away from the swingableconnection means and engaging the elongated movable member of saidmeasurement means toV actuate the same, dry

bulb temperature meansfcr actuating the elongated motion transmissionmember, hygroscopic humidity means for swingably loperating theelongated actuating member about the swingable connectionY means, thecomponent of movement of saidfelongated motion transmission member whichis parallel to thesaid elongated movable member. being transmittedtc thesaid elongated movable member through therswingable connection 'meansandthe elongated actuatingmember and the other component ofmovementvarying fective temperature comprising, in combination, vmeasurement means including an elongated movable member for giving thesaid measurement, an elongated motion transmissionr member. positionedat an angle'with respect to the elongated movable member ofthemeasurement means, Van

- elongated actuating member, swingableconnec- 35' tion meansfforswingably connecting `one end of Vthe elongated-actuating member to theelongated motiontransmission member, said `elongated actuatingmemberextending awayV from the swingable connection means and engaging theelongated movable member of said measurement means to actuate the same,dry bulb temperature means for actuating the elongated motiontransmission member, hygroscopic humidity means Afor. swingablyoperating the elongated actuating member about the swingable connectionmeans, the component of movement of said elongated motion transmissionmember which ls parallel to the said elongated movable member beingtransmitted tothe said elongated movable member through the swingableconnection'means and the elongatedactuating member and the othercomponent of movement varying the distance between the swingableconnection means and the said elongated movable member, said elongatedLmotion transmission member increasing said distance upon an increase intemperature, the hygroscopic humidityV means subtracting itsmovementsYfrQm-the said parallel movements of the elongated motiontransmission member to make the resultant movement transmitted to theelongated movable member of the measurement means bythe elongatedactuating member equal to a function `of the movem ent,of. the'dry. bulbtemperature meansV less the movement of the hygroscopic humidity means,the'v hygroscoplc humidity element means'throughcut its range ofVoperation limiting th swngable movements of the elongated actuatingmember to angular position, measurement means including an elongatedmovable member for giving the said measurement, an elongated motiontransmission member positioned at an angle with'respect to the elongatedmovable member of the measurement means and with a line passinglongitudinally through the said elongated movable member intersectingthe elongated motion transmission member at a datum point thereoncorresponding substantially to 45 degrees temperature, an elongatedactuating member, swingable connection means for swingably connectingone end of the elongated actuating member to the elongated motiontransmission member, said elongated actuating member extending away fromthe swingable connection means Vand. engagingthe elongated movablemember of said measurement means to actuate the same, dry bulbtemperature means' for actuating-the elongated motion transmissionmember, hygroscopic humidity means for swingably operating the elongatedactuating member about thev swingable connection means, the componentofmovement of said elongated motion transmission member which isparallel to the said, elongated movable member being transmitted to thesaid elongated movable member through the swingable connection means andthe elongated actuating member and the other component of movementvarying the distance between` the swingable connection means and thesaid elongated movable member, said elongated motion transmission'memberincreasing said distance upon an increase in temperature, thehygroscopic humidity means subtracting its movements from the saidparallel movements oi the elongated motion transmission memberA to makethe resultant movement transmitted to the elongated movable member ofthe measurement means by the elongated actuating member equal to afunction of the movement of the dry bulb temperature means less themovement of the hygroscopic humidity means.

14. Means for giving a measurement of the effective temperaturecomprising, in combination, measurement means including an elongatedmovable member for giving the said measurement, an elongated motiontransmission member positionedat an angle with respect to the elongatedmovable memberofthe measurement means, an

elongated actuatingmember having ariirst endA portion, a second endportion and an intermediate portion, rst end connection means for swing-`ably connecting the first end portion'of the elongated actuating memberto the elongated motion transmission member, hygroscopic humidity means,second end connection means for swingably connecting the second endportion of the elongated actuating member-to the hygroscopic humiditymeans, intermediate connection means for swingably connecting thesaidintermediate portion of the elongated motion transmission member to theelongated movable mem- .berl 'or theumeasurement member, dry bulbtemperature'means for actuating the elongated motion transmissionmember, the component of movement of said elongated motionA transmissionmember` which is parallel to the said elongated movable member beingtransmitted to the` said elongated movable member through the iirst endconnection means and the elongated actuating niinber and the othercomponent of move-l ment varying the distance between the first endconnection means andthe said elongated movable member, said elongatedmotion transmission member increasing said distance upon an increase intemperature, the hygroscopic humidity means subtracting its movementsfrom the said parallel movements ofthe elongated motion transmissionmember to make the resultant movement transmitted to the elongatedmovable member of the measurement means by the elongated actuatingmember equal to a function of the movement of the dry bulb temperaturemeans less the, movement ofthe hygroscopic humidity means.

15. Means for giving a measurement ofthe eiiectivev temperaturecomprising, in combination, measurement means including an elongatedmovable member for giving the said measurement, an elongated motiontransmission member positioned atan angle with respect vto the elongatedmovable member. of the measurement means, an elongated actuating member,swingable connection'means'or swingably connecting one end of ,thelelongated actuating member to the elongated motion transmission member,said elongated actuating member extending away from the swingableconnection means yand engaging the elongated movable member-of l,said

ymeasurement means to actuate the same,` dry bulb temperature means foractuating theelongated motion transmission member, hygroscopic humiditymeans for swingably operating the elongated actuating member about theswingablek connection means, the component of movement of said elongatedmotion transmission member which is parallel tothe said elongatedmovable member being transmitted to the said velongated movable memberthrough the swingable connectionmeans and the elongated actuating memberand the other component of movement varying the distance between theswingable connection means and the said elongated movable member, saidelongated motionl transmission member increasing said distance upon aniincrease in temperature, the hygroscopic 4humidity means subtracting itsmovements "from the said parallel movements of the elongated motiontransmission member to make the resultant movement transmitted totheelongated movable member of the measurement means, by the elongatedactuating member equal to a function of the movement of the dry bulbtemperature means less the movement of the hygroscopic humidity means,said hygroscopic humidity element means being movable with the elongatedmotion transmission member.

16. Means for givinga measurement vof the effective temperaturecomprising, in combination, measurement means including an elongatedmovable member for giving the said measurement, an elongated motiontransmission member humidity means, second end' connection meansV forswingably-connecting the second end portion of the elongated actuatingmemberto the hygroscopic humidity means, intermediate connec-v tionmeansv for swingably connecting the said intermediate portion vof theelongated motion transmission member to the elongated movable member ofthe measurement member, dry bulb temperature means foractuatingtheelongated motion transmission member, the component of movement ofysaidelongated motion transmissionmember which is parallel to the saidelongated movable member being transmitted to the said elongated movablemember through the'rst end connection means and the elongated actuatingmember and the other component of movement varying the distance betweenthe rst end connection means and the said elongated movable member, saidelongated motion transmission member increasing said distance upon anincrease in temperature, the hygroscopic humidity means subtracting itsmovements from the said parallel movements of the elongated motiontransmission member to make the resultant movement transmitted to theelongated movable member of the measurement means by the elongatedactuating member equal to a function of the movement of the dry bulbtemperature means less the movement of the hygroscopic humidity elementmeans, said hygroscopic humidity means being movable'with the elongatedmotion transmission member.

17.'Means forgiving a measurement of the Y effective temperaturecomprising, in combination, measurement means including an elongatedmovable member for giving the said measurement, an elongated motiontransmission member positioned at an angle with respect to the elongatedmovable member of the measurement means, an elongated actuating member,swingable connection means for swingably connecting one end of theelongated actuating member to the elongated motion transmission member,said` elongated actuating member extending away from the swingableconnection means and engaging the elongated movable member of saidmeasurement means to actuate the same, dry bulb temperature means foractuating the elongated motion transmission member, hygroscopic humiditymeans for swingably operating the elongated actuating member about theswingable connection means, the component of movement of said elongatedmotion transmission member which is parallel to the said elongatedmovable member being transmitted to the said elongated movable memberthrough the swingable connection means and the elongated actuatingmember and the other componentpf movement varying the distancebetween,.the?swingable connection peratu're, the hyproscopic humiditymeans subtracting its movements vfrom the said parallel movements of theelongated motion transmission member to make the resultant movementtransmitted tothe elongated lmovable member of themeasurement means bythe elongated actuating memberV equal to a function of the movementr ofthe dry bulb temperature means less the movement of the hygroscopichumidity means, andY means for varying the angle between the elongatedmotion transmission member and the elongated movable member of themeasurement means.

18. In a device, including dry bulb temperature means and measurementmeans for giving a measurement of the effective temperature, means forgiving a subtrahend value, said means comprising arlever arm having amounting portion and an actuating portion, swingable connection meansfor swingably mounting lsaid mounting portion of the lever arm to theYdry rbulb temperature means, said measurement means being movable by theactuating portion of the lever arm, hygroscopic humidity means forswingably actuating the lever arm about the swingable connection meanson the dry bulb temperature means to transmit movement to themeasurement means, the arrangement of the hygroscopic humidity means,the dry bulb temperature means and the measurement means being such thatthe rate at which the hygroscopic humidity means infiuencesthesubtrahend value is greater at higher temperatures than at lowertemperatures.

19. A device for giving a measurement based upon temperature andmoisture comprising, in combination, a dry bulb temperaturedevice havingan indicating member and an adjacently disposed scale, motiontransmission means for producing relative movement between theindicating member and the scale, dry bulbtemperature means, hygroscopichumidity means, and means for operating the motion transmission means byboth the dry bulb temperatureI means and the hygroscopic humidity means.

l GEQRGE v.V WooDLING.

